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he'd get drunk every Saturday

  • 1 get hold of

    1) (smb. или smth.) схватить кого-л. или что-л., ухватиться за кого-л. или за что-л. (тж. catch, grab, lay, seize или take hold of smb. или smth.) [от выражения catch hold of происходит сложное прилагательное catch-hold: catch-hold fighting вольная борьба]

    He turned round and started to run back to the house. Hardy caught hold of his arm to hold him. (W. S. Maugham, ‘Complete Short Stories’, ‘The Lion's Skin’) — Роберт повернулся и побежал назад к горящему дому. Гарди схватил его за руку, пытаясь удержать.

    As the words followed one another, Willoughby seemed to sway. He grabbed hold of the back of a chair for support. (S. Heym, ‘The Crusaders’, book VI, ch. 10) — Уиллоуби слушал, словно окаменев. Вдруг он пошатнулся и схватился за стул, чтобы не упасть.

    Probably, she concluded, he was drunk when he grabbed hold of her tonight, because he looked wild and his breath reeked of whisky. (J. B. Priestley, ‘Daylight on Saturday’, ch. 34) — Наверное, Элрик был пьян, когда обнял ее сегодня: от него несло виски и вид у него был какой-то дикий.

    2) (smth.) овладеть, завладеть чем-л. (тж. grab, lay или take hold of smth.)

    If the police had got hold of that letter, it might be all up with him. (J. B. Priestley, ‘The Good Companions’, book II, ch. IV) — Если это письмо попадет в руки полиции, то ему несдобровать.

    3) (smth.) осознать, понять что-л

    ‘He's such an unlucky sort of chap,’ Peacock informed her. ‘He doesn't ever quite get hold of what's happening.’ (J. Aldridge, ‘The Last Exile’, ch. XXXVI) — - Уж такой у Скотта несчастный характер, - объяснил Пикок. - Он ведь никогда толком не понимает, что происходит.

    He gets hold of an idea and then alters every situation to fit the idea. (Gr. Greene, ‘The Quiet American’, part IV, ch. 1) — Когда он усваивает какую-нибудь идею, он старается подогнать под нее факты.

    4) (smb.) завладеть кем-л.; иметь влияние на кого-л.; овладеть кем-л., охватить кого-л. (о чувстве, мысли и т. п.; тж. take hold of smb.)

    At times an almost overwhelming curiosity had taken hold of him. (Sh. Anderson, ‘Winesburg, Ohio’, ‘Hands’) — Временами его охватывало почти непреодолимое любопытство.

    Another brainstorm took hold of Loomis. (S. Heym, ‘The Crusaders’, book I, ch. 2) — Лумиса осенила еще одна блестящая идея.

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > get hold of

  • 2 Will

    will1 n
    1. voluntad / ganas
    2. testamento
    will2 vb
    1.
    when will they arrive? ¿cuándo llegarán?
    2.
    will you close that door, please? ¿quieres cerrar esa puerta, por favor?
    tr[wɪl]
    ■ it won't rain, will it? no lloverá, ¿verdad?
    ■ what will you do if she's late? ¿qué harás si llega tarde?
    2 (be disposed to, be willing to)
    ■ (no), I won't no quiero
    ■ I won't have it! ¡no lo permito!
    ■ will you stay for dinner? ¿quieres quedarte a cenar?
    ■ won't you take a seat? ¿quiere sentarse?, siéntese, por favor
    3 (requests) querer
    ■ will you do me a favour? ¿quieres hacerme un favor?
    ■ you won't forget to tell him, will you? no se te olvidará de decírselo, ¿verdad?
    ■ make me a cup of tea, will you? hazme una taza de té, ¿quieres?
    4 (general truths, custom)
    5 (orders, commands)
    ■ will you be quiet! ¡quieres callarte!, ¡cállate!
    6 (insistence, persistence) insistir en
    7 (can, possibility) poder
    8 (supposition, must, probability) deber de
    ■ that'll be John será John, debe de ser John
    ■ they'll be home by now ya estarán en casa, ya deben de estar en casa
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    if you will si así lo quiere
    I will (in wedding) sí, quiero
    will do muy bien, lo haré
    ————————
    tr[wɪl]
    1 (control, volition) voluntad nombre femenino; (free will) albedrío
    2 SMALLLAW/SMALL testamento, últimas nombre femenino plural voluntades
    ■ have you made a will? ¿has hecho (tu) testamento?
    2 formal use (intend, desire) querer, ordenar, mandar
    3 SMALLLAW/SMALL legar, dejar en testamento
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    against one's will contra su voluntad, a pesar suyo
    at will a voluntad
    of one's own free will por voluntad propia
    with a will con ilusión, con entusiasmo, con ganas
    will ['wɪl] v, past would ['wʊd] ; pres sing & pl will vi
    wish: querer
    do what you will: haz lo que quieras
    will v aux
    no one would take the job: nadie aceptaría el trabajo
    I won't do it: no lo haré
    he will get angry over nothing: se pone furioso por cualquier cosa
    tomorrow we will go shopping: mañana iremos de compras
    the couch will hold three people: en el sofá cabrán tres personas
    I will go despite them: iré a pesar de ellos
    that will be the mailman: eso ha de ser el cartero
    accidents will happen: los accidentes ocurrirán
    you will do as I say: harás lo que digo
    will vt
    1) ordain: disponer, decretar
    if God wills it: si Dios lo dispone, si Dios quiere
    2) : lograr a fuerza de voluntad
    they were willing him to succeed: estaban deseando que tuviera éxito
    3) bequeath: legar
    will n
    1) desire: deseo m, voluntad f
    2) volition: voluntad f
    free will: libre albedrío
    3) willpower: voluntad f, fuerza f de voluntad
    a will of iron: una voluntad férrea
    4) : testamento m
    to make a will: hacer testamento
    v.
    • legar v.
    • lograr por fuerza v.
    • querer v.
    (§pret: quis-) fut/c: querr-•)
    aux.
    n.
    • gusto s.m.
    • placer s.m.
    • testamento s.m.
    • volición s.f.
    • voluntad s.f.

    I
    1. wɪl
    modal verb (past would) [ 'll es la contracción de will, won't de will not y 'll've de will have]
    1)

    he'll come on Friday — vendrá el viernes, va a venir el viernes

    he said he would come on Friday — dijo que vendría or iba a venir el viernes

    he won't ever change his ways — no cambiará nunca, no va a cambiar nunca

    will you be staying at Jack's? — ¿te vas a quedar en casa de Jack?

    at the end of this month, he'll have been working here for a year — este fin de mes hará or va a hacer un año que trabaja aquí

    you won't leave without me, will you? — no te irás sin mí ¿no?

    b) ( expressing resolution) (with first person)

    I won't let you down — no te fallaré, no te voy a fallar

    2)

    will o would you do me a favor? — ¿quieres hacerme un favor?, ¿me haces un favor?

    b) ( in orders)

    be quiet, will you! — cállate, ¿quieres?, quieres callarte!

    will you have a drink? — ¿quieres tomar algo?

    you'll stay for dinner, won't you? — te quedas a cenar ¿no?

    won't they be having lunch now? — ¿no estarán comiendo ahora?

    you will have gathered that... — te habrás dado cuenta de que...

    4)
    a) (indicating habit, characteristic)

    he'd get drunk every Saturday — se emborrachaba or solía emborracharse todos los sábados

    he will jump to conclusions — él siempre tiene que precipitarse a sacar conclusiones

    you won't be told, will you? — qué cosa! ¿por qué no haces caso?


    2.
    vt (past & past p willed)
    1)
    a) (urge, try to cause)

    I was willing her to get the answer right — estaba deseando con todas mis fuerzas or con toda mi voluntad que diera la respuesta correcta

    b) (desire, ordain) (frml) \<\<God\>\> disponer*, querer*
    2) ( bequeath) legar*, dejar en testamento

    II
    1) u
    a) ( faculty) voluntad f
    b) (determination, willpower) voluntad f

    to break somebody's will — doblegar* a alguien

    to lose the will to live — perder* las ansias or las ganas de vivir

    where there's a will, there's a way — querer es poder

    c) (desire, intention) voluntad f

    it was God's will — Dios así lo quiso, fue la voluntad divina

    2) c ( testament) testamento m
    [wɪl]
    N (familiar form) of William
    * * *

    I
    1. [wɪl]
    modal verb (past would) [ 'll es la contracción de will, won't de will not y 'll've de will have]
    1)

    he'll come on Friday — vendrá el viernes, va a venir el viernes

    he said he would come on Friday — dijo que vendría or iba a venir el viernes

    he won't ever change his ways — no cambiará nunca, no va a cambiar nunca

    will you be staying at Jack's? — ¿te vas a quedar en casa de Jack?

    at the end of this month, he'll have been working here for a year — este fin de mes hará or va a hacer un año que trabaja aquí

    you won't leave without me, will you? — no te irás sin mí ¿no?

    b) ( expressing resolution) (with first person)

    I won't let you down — no te fallaré, no te voy a fallar

    2)

    will o would you do me a favor? — ¿quieres hacerme un favor?, ¿me haces un favor?

    b) ( in orders)

    be quiet, will you! — cállate, ¿quieres?, quieres callarte!

    will you have a drink? — ¿quieres tomar algo?

    you'll stay for dinner, won't you? — te quedas a cenar ¿no?

    won't they be having lunch now? — ¿no estarán comiendo ahora?

    you will have gathered that... — te habrás dado cuenta de que...

    4)
    a) (indicating habit, characteristic)

    he'd get drunk every Saturday — se emborrachaba or solía emborracharse todos los sábados

    he will jump to conclusions — él siempre tiene que precipitarse a sacar conclusiones

    you won't be told, will you? — qué cosa! ¿por qué no haces caso?


    2.
    vt (past & past p willed)
    1)
    a) (urge, try to cause)

    I was willing her to get the answer right — estaba deseando con todas mis fuerzas or con toda mi voluntad que diera la respuesta correcta

    b) (desire, ordain) (frml) \<\<God\>\> disponer*, querer*
    2) ( bequeath) legar*, dejar en testamento

    II
    1) u
    a) ( faculty) voluntad f
    b) (determination, willpower) voluntad f

    to break somebody's will — doblegar* a alguien

    to lose the will to live — perder* las ansias or las ganas de vivir

    where there's a will, there's a way — querer es poder

    c) (desire, intention) voluntad f

    it was God's will — Dios así lo quiso, fue la voluntad divina

    2) c ( testament) testamento m

    English-spanish dictionary > Will

  • 3 will

    will1 n
    1. voluntad / ganas
    2. testamento
    will2 vb
    1.
    when will they arrive? ¿cuándo llegarán?
    2.
    will you close that door, please? ¿quieres cerrar esa puerta, por favor?
    tr[wɪl]
    ■ it won't rain, will it? no lloverá, ¿verdad?
    ■ what will you do if she's late? ¿qué harás si llega tarde?
    2 (be disposed to, be willing to)
    ■ (no), I won't no quiero
    ■ I won't have it! ¡no lo permito!
    ■ will you stay for dinner? ¿quieres quedarte a cenar?
    ■ won't you take a seat? ¿quiere sentarse?, siéntese, por favor
    3 (requests) querer
    ■ will you do me a favour? ¿quieres hacerme un favor?
    ■ you won't forget to tell him, will you? no se te olvidará de decírselo, ¿verdad?
    ■ make me a cup of tea, will you? hazme una taza de té, ¿quieres?
    4 (general truths, custom)
    5 (orders, commands)
    ■ will you be quiet! ¡quieres callarte!, ¡cállate!
    6 (insistence, persistence) insistir en
    7 (can, possibility) poder
    8 (supposition, must, probability) deber de
    ■ that'll be John será John, debe de ser John
    ■ they'll be home by now ya estarán en casa, ya deben de estar en casa
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    if you will si así lo quiere
    I will (in wedding) sí, quiero
    will do muy bien, lo haré
    ————————
    tr[wɪl]
    1 (control, volition) voluntad nombre femenino; (free will) albedrío
    2 SMALLLAW/SMALL testamento, últimas nombre femenino plural voluntades
    ■ have you made a will? ¿has hecho (tu) testamento?
    2 formal use (intend, desire) querer, ordenar, mandar
    3 SMALLLAW/SMALL legar, dejar en testamento
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    against one's will contra su voluntad, a pesar suyo
    at will a voluntad
    of one's own free will por voluntad propia
    with a will con ilusión, con entusiasmo, con ganas
    will ['wɪl] v, past would ['wʊd] ; pres sing & pl will vi
    wish: querer
    do what you will: haz lo que quieras
    will v aux
    no one would take the job: nadie aceptaría el trabajo
    I won't do it: no lo haré
    he will get angry over nothing: se pone furioso por cualquier cosa
    tomorrow we will go shopping: mañana iremos de compras
    the couch will hold three people: en el sofá cabrán tres personas
    I will go despite them: iré a pesar de ellos
    that will be the mailman: eso ha de ser el cartero
    accidents will happen: los accidentes ocurrirán
    you will do as I say: harás lo que digo
    will vt
    1) ordain: disponer, decretar
    if God wills it: si Dios lo dispone, si Dios quiere
    2) : lograr a fuerza de voluntad
    they were willing him to succeed: estaban deseando que tuviera éxito
    3) bequeath: legar
    will n
    1) desire: deseo m, voluntad f
    2) volition: voluntad f
    free will: libre albedrío
    3) willpower: voluntad f, fuerza f de voluntad
    a will of iron: una voluntad férrea
    4) : testamento m
    to make a will: hacer testamento
    v.
    • legar v.
    • lograr por fuerza v.
    • querer v.
    (§pret: quis-) fut/c: querr-•)
    aux.
    n.
    • gusto s.m.
    • placer s.m.
    • testamento s.m.
    • volición s.f.
    • voluntad s.f.

    I
    1. wɪl
    modal verb (past would) [ 'll es la contracción de will, won't de will not y 'll've de will have]
    1)

    he'll come on Friday — vendrá el viernes, va a venir el viernes

    he said he would come on Friday — dijo que vendría or iba a venir el viernes

    he won't ever change his ways — no cambiará nunca, no va a cambiar nunca

    will you be staying at Jack's? — ¿te vas a quedar en casa de Jack?

    at the end of this month, he'll have been working here for a year — este fin de mes hará or va a hacer un año que trabaja aquí

    you won't leave without me, will you? — no te irás sin mí ¿no?

    b) ( expressing resolution) (with first person)

    I won't let you down — no te fallaré, no te voy a fallar

    2)

    will o would you do me a favor? — ¿quieres hacerme un favor?, ¿me haces un favor?

    b) ( in orders)

    be quiet, will you! — cállate, ¿quieres?, quieres callarte!

    will you have a drink? — ¿quieres tomar algo?

    you'll stay for dinner, won't you? — te quedas a cenar ¿no?

    won't they be having lunch now? — ¿no estarán comiendo ahora?

    you will have gathered that... — te habrás dado cuenta de que...

    4)
    a) (indicating habit, characteristic)

    he'd get drunk every Saturday — se emborrachaba or solía emborracharse todos los sábados

    he will jump to conclusions — él siempre tiene que precipitarse a sacar conclusiones

    you won't be told, will you? — qué cosa! ¿por qué no haces caso?


    2.
    vt (past & past p willed)
    1)
    a) (urge, try to cause)

    I was willing her to get the answer right — estaba deseando con todas mis fuerzas or con toda mi voluntad que diera la respuesta correcta

    b) (desire, ordain) (frml) \<\<God\>\> disponer*, querer*
    2) ( bequeath) legar*, dejar en testamento

    II
    1) u
    a) ( faculty) voluntad f
    b) (determination, willpower) voluntad f

    to break somebody's will — doblegar* a alguien

    to lose the will to live — perder* las ansias or las ganas de vivir

    where there's a will, there's a way — querer es poder

    c) (desire, intention) voluntad f

    it was God's will — Dios así lo quiso, fue la voluntad divina

    2) c ( testament) testamento m

    I [wɪl] (pt would)
    1. MODAL VB
    a)

    I will or I'll finish it tomorrow — lo terminaré mañana

    I will or I'll have finished it by tomorrow — lo habré terminado para mañana

    you won't lose it, will you? — no lo perderás ¿verdad?; (stronger) no lo vayas a perder

    you will come to see us, won't you? — vendrás a vernos, ¿no?

    what will you do? — ¿qué vas a hacer?

    I will do it! — ¡sí lo haré!

    no he won't! — ¡no lo hará!

    he will or he'll be there by now — ya debe de haber llegado or ya habrá llegado

    a) (in commands, insistence)

    will you sit down! — ¡siéntate!

    will you be quiet! — ¿te quieres callar?

    "I won't go" - "oh yes you will" — -no voy -¿cómo que no?

    I will not or I won't put up with it! — ¡no lo voy a consentir!

    I will not have it that... — no permito que se diga que... + subjun

    I will — (marriage service) sí quiero

    b) (in offers, requests, invitations, refusals)

    come on, I'll help you — venga, te ayudo

    will you help me? — ¿me ayudas?

    wait a moment, will you? — espera un momento, ¿quieres?

    will you have some tea? — ¿quieres tomar un té?

    will you sit down? — ¿quiere usted sentarse?, tome usted asiento more frm

    won't you come with us? — ¿no quieres venir con nosotros?

    a) soler, acostumbrar a

    she will read for hours on end — suele leer or acostumbra a leer durante horas y horas

    she will smoke, despite what the doctor says — a pesar de lo que dice el médico, se empeña en fumar

    if you will eat so much, you can hardly expect to be slim — si insistes en comer tanto, no pensarás adelgazar

    2.
    VI (=wish) querer

    (just) as you will! — ¡como quieras!

    do as you will — haz lo que quieras, haz lo que te parezca bien

    look where you will, you won't find one — mires donde mires, no vas a encontrar uno


    II [wɪl]
    1. N
    1) (=inclination, wish) voluntad f

    • against sb's will — contra la voluntad de algn

    • at will — a voluntad

    • to do sb's will — hacer la voluntad de algn

    • to do sth of one's own free will — hacer algo por voluntad propia

    • the will of God — la voluntad de Dios

    • iron will, will of iron — voluntad f de hierro

    • to have a will of one's own — tener voluntad propia

    • it is my will that you should do it — frm quiero que lo hagas

    • the will to win/live — el deseo de ganar/vivir

    • to work with a will — trabajar con ahinco

    • with the best will in the world — por mucho que se quiera

    ill 1., 2)
    2) (=testament) testamento m

    • the last will and testament of... — la última voluntad de...

    • to make a will — hacer testamento

    2. VT
    1) (=urge on by willpower) lograr a fuerza de voluntad
    2) (=ordain) ordenar, disponer
    3) (=leave in one's will)

    to will sth to sb — legar algo a algn, dejar algo (en herencia) a algn

    * * *

    I
    1. [wɪl]
    modal verb (past would) [ 'll es la contracción de will, won't de will not y 'll've de will have]
    1)

    he'll come on Friday — vendrá el viernes, va a venir el viernes

    he said he would come on Friday — dijo que vendría or iba a venir el viernes

    he won't ever change his ways — no cambiará nunca, no va a cambiar nunca

    will you be staying at Jack's? — ¿te vas a quedar en casa de Jack?

    at the end of this month, he'll have been working here for a year — este fin de mes hará or va a hacer un año que trabaja aquí

    you won't leave without me, will you? — no te irás sin mí ¿no?

    b) ( expressing resolution) (with first person)

    I won't let you down — no te fallaré, no te voy a fallar

    2)

    will o would you do me a favor? — ¿quieres hacerme un favor?, ¿me haces un favor?

    b) ( in orders)

    be quiet, will you! — cállate, ¿quieres?, quieres callarte!

    will you have a drink? — ¿quieres tomar algo?

    you'll stay for dinner, won't you? — te quedas a cenar ¿no?

    won't they be having lunch now? — ¿no estarán comiendo ahora?

    you will have gathered that... — te habrás dado cuenta de que...

    4)
    a) (indicating habit, characteristic)

    he'd get drunk every Saturday — se emborrachaba or solía emborracharse todos los sábados

    he will jump to conclusions — él siempre tiene que precipitarse a sacar conclusiones

    you won't be told, will you? — qué cosa! ¿por qué no haces caso?


    2.
    vt (past & past p willed)
    1)
    a) (urge, try to cause)

    I was willing her to get the answer right — estaba deseando con todas mis fuerzas or con toda mi voluntad que diera la respuesta correcta

    b) (desire, ordain) (frml) \<\<God\>\> disponer*, querer*
    2) ( bequeath) legar*, dejar en testamento

    II
    1) u
    a) ( faculty) voluntad f
    b) (determination, willpower) voluntad f

    to break somebody's will — doblegar* a alguien

    to lose the will to live — perder* las ansias or las ganas de vivir

    where there's a will, there's a way — querer es poder

    c) (desire, intention) voluntad f

    it was God's will — Dios así lo quiso, fue la voluntad divina

    2) c ( testament) testamento m

    English-spanish dictionary > will

  • 4 Á

    * * *
    a negative suffix to verbs, not;
    era útmakligt, at it is not unmeet that.
    * * *
    1.
    á, prep., often used elliptically, or even adverbially, [Goth. ana; Engl. on; Germ. an. In the Scandinavian idioms the liquid n is absorbed. In English the same has been supposed to happen in adverbial phrases, e. g. ‘along, away, abroad, afoot, again, agate, ahead, aloft, alone, askew, aside, astray, awry,’ etc. It is indeed true that the Ormulum in its northern dialect freq. uses o, even in common phrases, such as ‘o boke, o land, o life, o slæpe, o strande, o write, o naht, o loft,’ etc., v. the glossary; and we may compare on foot and afoot, on sleep (Engl. Vers. of Bible) and asleep; A. S. a-butan and on-butan (about); agen and ongean (again, against); on bæc, aback; on life, alive; on middan, amid. But it is more than likely that in the expressions quoted above, as well as in numberless others, as well in old as in modern English, the English a- as well as the o- of the Ormulum and the modern Scottish and north of England o- are in reality remains of this very á pronounced au or ow, which was brought by the Scandinavian settlers into the north of England. In the struggle for supremacy between the English dialects after the Conquest, the Scandinavian form á or a won the day in many cases to the exclusion of the Anglo-Saxon on. Some of these adverbs have representatives only in the Scandinavian tongues, not in Anglo-Saxon; see below, with dat. B. II, C. VII; with acc. C. I. and VI. The prep. á denotes the surface or outside; í and ór the inside; at, til, and frá, nearness measured to or from an object: á thus answers to the Gr. επί; the Lat. in includes á and i together.]
    With dat. and acc.: in the first case with the notion of remaining on a place, answering to Lat. in with abl.; in the last with the notion of motion to the place, = Lat. in with acc.
    WITH DAT.
    A. Loc.
    I. generally on, upon; á gólfi, on the floor, Nj. 2; á hendi, on the hand (of a ring), 48, 225; á palli, 50; á steini, 108; á vegg, 115; á sjá ok á landi, on sea and land. In some instances the distinction between d and i is loose and wavering, but in most cases common sense and usage decide; thus ‘á bók’ merely denotes the letters, the penmanship, ‘í’ the contents of a book; mod. usage, however, prefers ‘í,’ lesa í bók, but stafr á bók. Old writers on the other hand; á bókum Enskum, in English books, Landn. 24, but í Aldafars bók, 23 (in the book De Mensurâ Temporum, by Bede), cp. Grág. i. 76, where á is a false reading instead of at; á bréfi, the contents of a letter: of clothing or arms, mítr á höfði, sverð á hlið, mitre on head, sword on side, Fms. i. 266, viii. 404; hafa lykil á sér, on one’s person, 655 xxvii. 22; möttull á tyglum, a mantle hanging on (i. e. fastened by) laces, Fms. vii. 201: á þingi means to be present at a meeting; í þingi, to abide within a jurisdiction; á himni, á jörðu, on (Engl. in) heaven and earth, e. g. in the Lord’s Prayer, but í helviti, in hell; á Gimli, Edda (of a heavenly abode); á báti, á skipi denote crew and cargo, ‘í’ the timber or materials of which a ship is built, Eg. 385; vera í stafni á skipi, 177: á skógi, to be abroad in a wood (of a hunter, robber, deer); but to be situated (a house), at work (to fell timber), í skógi, 573, Fs. 5, Fms. iii. 122, viii. 31, xi. 1, Glúm. 330, Landn. 173; á mörkinni, Fms. i. 8, but í mörk, of a farm; á firðinum means lying in a firth, of ships or islands (on the surface of the water), þær eyjar liggja á Breiðafirði, Ld. 36; but í firði, living in a district named Firth; á landi, Nj. 98, Fms. xi. 386.
    II. á is commonly used in connection with the pr. names or countries terminating in ‘land,’ Engl. in, á Englandi, Írlandi, Skotlandi, Bretlandi, Saxlandi, Vindlandi, Vínlandi, Grænalandi, Íslandi, Hálogalandi, Rogalandi, Jótlandi, Frakklandi, Hjaltlandi, Jamtalandi, Hvítramannalandi, Norðrlöndum, etc., vide Landn. and the index to Fms. xii. In old writers í is here very rare, in modern authors more frequent; taste and the context in many instances decide. An Icelander would now say, speaking of the queen or king, ‘á Englandi,’ ruling over, but to live ‘í Englandi,’ or ‘á Englandi;’ the rule in the last case not being quite fixed.
    2. in connection with other names of countries: á Mæri, Vörs, Ögðum, Fjölum, all districts of Norway, v. Landn.; á Mýrum (in Icel.), á Finnmörk, Landn., á Fjóni (a Danish island); but í Danmörk, Svíþjóð (á Svíþjóðu is poët., Gs. 13).
    3. before Icel. farms denoting open and elevated slopes and spaces (not too high, because then ‘at’ must be used), such as ‘staðr, völlr, ból, hjalli, bakki, heimr, eyri,’ etc.; á Veggjum, Landn. 69; á Hólmlátri, id.: those ending in ‘-staðr,’ á Geirmundarstöðum, Þórisstöðum, Jarðlangsstöðum…, Landn.: ‘-völlr,’ á Möðruvöllum: á Fitjum (the farm) í Storð (the island), í Fenhring (the island) á Aski (the farm), Landn., Eg.: ‘-nes’ sometimes takes á, sometimes í (in mod. usage always ‘í’), á Nesi, Eb. 14, or í Krossnesi, 30; in the last case the notion of island, νησος, prevails: so also, ‘fjörðr,’ as, þeir börðust á Vigrafirði (of a fight o n the ice), Landn. 101, but orusta í Hafrsfirði, 122: with ‘-bær,’ á is used in the sense of a farm or estate, hón sa á e-m bæ mikit hús ok fagrt, Edda 22; ‘í bæ’ means within doors, of the buildings: with ‘Bær’ as pr. name Landn. uses ‘í,’ 71, 160, 257, 309, 332.
    4. denoting on or just above; of the sun, when the time is fixed by regarding the sun in connection with points in the horizon, a standing phrase in Icel.; sól á gjáhamri, when the sun is on the crag of the Rift, Grág. i. 26, cp. Glúm. 387; so, brú á á, a bridge on a river, Fms. viii. 179, Hrafn. 20; taka hús á e-m, to surprise one, to take the house over his head, Fms. i. 11.
    III. á is sometimes used in old writers where we should now expect an acc., esp. in the phrase, leggja sverði (or the like) á e-m, or á e-m miðjum, to stab, Eg. 216, Gísl. 106, Band. 14; þá stakk Starkaðr sprotanum á konungi, then Starkad stabbed the king with the wand, Fas. iii. 34; bíta á kampi (vör), to bite the lips, as a token of pain or emotion, Nj. 209, 68; taka á e-u, to touch a thing, lay hold of it, v. taka; fá á e-u, id. (poët.); leggja hendr á (better at) síðum, in wrestling, Fms. x. 331; koma á úvart á e-m, to come on one unawares, ix. 407 (rare).
    B. TEMP. of a particular point or period of time, at, on, in:
    I. gener. denoting during, in the course of; á nótt, degi, nætrþeli …, Bs. i. 139; or spec. adding a pron. or an adject., á næsta sumri, the next summer; á því ári, þingi, misseri, hausti, vári, sumri …, during, in that year …, Bs. i. 679, etc.; á þrem sumrum, in the course of three summers, Grág. i. 218; á þrem várum, Fms. ii. 114; á hálfs mánaðar fresti, within half a month’s delay, Nj. 99; á tvítugs, sextugs … aldri, á barns, gamals aldri, etc., at the age of …, v. aldr: á dögum e-s, in the days of, in his reign or time, Landn. 24, Hrafn. 3, Fms. ix. 229.
    II. used of a fixed recurrent period or season; á várum, sumrum, haustum, vetrum, á kveldum, every spring, summer …, in the evenings, Eg. 711, Fms. i. 23, 25, vi. 394, Landn. 292: with the numeral adverbs, cp. Lat. ter in anno, um sinn á mánuði, ári, once a month, once a year, where the Engl. a is not the article but the preposition, Grág. i. 89.
    III. of duration; á degi, during a whole day, Fms. v. 48; á sjau nóttum, Bárð. 166; á því meli, during that time, in the meantime, Grág. i. 259.
    IV. connected with the seasons (á vetri, sumri, vári, hausti), ‘á’ denotes the next preceding season, the last winter, summer, autumn, Eb. 40, 238, Ld. 206: in such instances ‘á’ denotes the past, ‘at’ the future, ‘í’ the present; thus í vetri in old writers means this winter; á vetri, last winter; at vetri, next winter, Eb. 68 (in a verse), etc.
    C. In various other relations, more or less metaphorically, on, upon, in, to, with, towards, against:
    I. denoting object, in respect of, against, almost periphrastically; dvelja á náðum e-s, under one’s protection, Fms. i. 74; hafa metnað á e-u, to be proud of, to take pride in a thing, 127.
    2. denoting a personal relation, in; bæta e-t á e-m, to make amends, i. e. to one personally; misgöra e-t á e-m, to inflict wrong on one; hafa elsku (hatr) á e-m, to bear love ( hatred) to one, Fms. ix. 242; hefna sín á e-m, to take revenge on one’s person, on anyone; rjúfa sætt á e-m, to break truce on the person of any one, to offend against his person, Nj. 103; hafa sár á sér, 101; sjá á e-m, to read on or in one’s face; sér hann á hverjum manni hvárt til þín er vel eðr illa, 106; var þat brátt auðséð á hennar högum, at …, it could soon be seen in all her doings, that …, Ld. 22.
    3. also generally to shew signs of a thing; sýna fáleika á sér, to shew marks of displeasure, Nj. 14, Fs. 14; taka vel, illa, lítt, á e-u, to take a thing well, ill, or indifferently, id.; finna á sér, to feel in oneself; fann lítt á honum, hvárt …, it could hardly be seen in his face, whether …, Eb. 42; líkindi eru á, it is likely, Ld. 172; göra kost á e-u, to give a choice, chance of it, 178; eiga vald á e-u, to have power over …, Nj. 10.
    II. denoting encumbrance, duty, liability; er fimtardómsmál á þeim, to be subject to …, Nj. 231; the phrase, hafa e-t á hendi, or vera á hendi e-m, on one’s hands, of work or duty to be done; eindagi á fé, term, pay day, Grág. i. 140; ómagi (skylda, afvinna) á fé, of a burden or encumbrance, D. I. and Grág. in several passages.
    III. with a personal pronoun, sér, mér, honum …, denoting personal appearance, temper, character, look, or the like; vera þungr, léttr … á sér, to be heavy or light, either bodily or mentally; þungr á sér, corpulent, Sturl. i. 112; kátr ok léttr á sér, of a gay and light temper, Fms. x. 152; þat bragð hafði hann á sér, he looked as if, … the expression of his face was as though …, Ld., cp. the mod. phrase, hafa á sér svip, bragð, æði, sið, of one’s manner or personal appearance, to bear oneself as, or the like; skjótr (seinn) á fæti, speedy ( slow) of foot, Nj. 258.
    IV. as a periphrasis of the possessive pronoun connected with the limbs or parts of the body. In common Icel. such phrases as my hands, eyes, head … are hardly ever used, but höfuð, eyru, hár, nef, munnr, hendr, fætr … á mér; so ‘í’ is used of the internal parts, e. g. hjarta, bein … í mér; the eyes are regarded as inside the body, augun í honum: also without the possessive pronoun, or as a periphrasis for a genitive, brjóstið á e-m, one’s breast, Nj. 95, Edda 15; súrnar í augum, it smarts in my eyes, my eyes smart, Nj. 202; kviðinn á sér, its belly, 655 xxx. 5, Fms. vi. 350; hendr á henni, her hands, Gísl. (in a verse); í vörunum á honum, on his lips, Band. 14; ristin á honum, his step, Fms. viii. 141; harðr í tungu, sharp of tongue, Hallfred (Fs. 114); kalt (heitt) á fingrum, höndum, fótum …, cold ( warm) in the fingers, hands, feet …, i. e. with cold fingers, etc.; cp. also the phrase, verða vísa (orð) á munni, of extemporising verses or speeches, freq. in the Sagas; fastr á fótum, fast by the leg, of a bondsman, Nj. 27: of the whole body, díla fundu þeir á honum, 209. The pers. pron. is used only in solemn style (poetry, hymns, the Bible), and perhaps only when influenced by foreign languages, e. g. mitt hjarta hví svo hryggist þú, as a translation of ‘warumb betrübst du dich mein Herz?’ the famous hymn by Hans Sachs; instead of the popular hjartað í mér, Sl. 43, 44: hjartað mitt is only used as a term of endearment, as by a husband to his wife, parents to their child, or the like, in a metaphorical sense; the heart proper is ‘í mér,’ not ‘mitt.’
    2. of other things, and as a periphrasis of a genitive, of a part belonging to the whole, e. g. dyrr á husi = húsdyrr, at the house-doors; turn á kirkju = kirkju turn; stafn, skutr, segl, árar … á skipi, the stem, stern, sail … of a ship, Fms. ix. 135; blöð á lauk, á tré …, leaves of a leek, of a tree …, Fas. i. 469; egg á sverði = sverðs egg; stafr á bók; kjölr á bók, and in endless other instances.
    V. denoting instrumentality, by, on, or a-, by means of; afla fjár á hólmgöngum, to make money a-duelling, by means of duels, Eg. 498; á verkum sínum, to subsist on one’s own work, Njarð. 366: as a law term, sekjast á e-ju, to be convicted upon …, Grág. i. 123; sekst maðr þar á sínu eigini ( a man is guilty in re sua), ef hann tekr af þeim manni er heimild ( possessio) hefir til, ii. 191; falla á verkum sínum, to be killed flagranti delicto, v. above; fella e-n á bragði, by a sleight in wrestling; komast undan á flótta, to escape by flight, Eg. 11; á hlaupi, by one’s feet, by speed, Hkr. ii. 168; lifa á e-u, to feed on; bergja á e-u, to taste of a thing; svala sér á e-u, to quench the thirst on.
    VI. with subst. numerals; á þriðja tigi manna, up to thirty, i. e. from about twenty to thirty, Ld. 194; á öðru hundraði skipa, from one to two hundred sail strong, Fms. x. 126; á níunda tigi, between eighty and ninety years of age, Eg. 764, v. above: used as prep., á hendi, on one’s hand, i. e. bound to do it, v. hönd.
    VII. in more or less adverbial phrases it may often be translated in Engl. by a participle and a- prefixed; á lopti, aloft; á floti, afloat; á lífi, alive; á verðgangi, a-begging; á brautu, away; á baki, a-back, behind, past; á milli, a-tween; á laun, alone, secretly; á launungu, id.; á móti, against; á enda, at an end, gone; á huldu, hidden; fara á hæli, to go a-heel, i. e. backwards, Fms. vii. 70;—but in many cases these phrases are transl. by the Engl. partic. with a, which is then perh. a mere prefix, not a prep., á flugi, a-flying in the air, Nj. 79; vera á gangi, a-going; á ferli, to be about; á leiki, a-playing, Fms. i. 78; á sundi, a-swimming, ii. 27; á verði, a-watching, x. 201; á hrakningi, a-wandering; á reiki, a-wavering; á skjálfi, a-shivering; á-hleri, a-listening; á tali, a-talking, Ísl. ii. 200; á hlaupi, a-running, Hkr. ii. 268; á verki, a-working; á veiðum, a-hunting; á fiski, a-fishing; á beit, grazing: and as a law term it even means in flagranti, N. G. L. i. 348.
    VIII. used absolutely without a case in reference to the air or the weather, where ‘á’ is almost redundant; þoka var á mikil, a thick fog came on, Nj. 267; niðamyrkr var á, pitch darkness came on, Eg. 210; allhvast á norðan, a very strong breeze from the north, Fms. ix. 20; þá var á norðrænt, a north wind came on, 42, Ld. 56; hvaðan sem á er, from whatever point the wind is; var á hríð veðrs, a snow storm came on, Nj. 282; görði á regn, rain came on, Fms. vi. 394, xi. 35, Ld. 156.
    WITH ACC.
    A. Loc.
    I. denoting simple direction towards, esp. connected with verbs of motion, going, or the like; hann gékk á bergsnös, Eg. 389; á hamar, Fas. ii. 517.
    2. in phrases denoting direction; liggja á útborða, lying on the outside of the ship, Eg. 354; á annat borð skipinu, Fms. vii. 260; á bæði borð, on both sides of the ship, Nj. 124, Ld. 56; á tvær hliðar, on both sides, Fms. v. 73. Ísl. ii. 159; á hlið, sidewards; út á hlið, Nj. 262, Edda 44; á aðra hönd henni, Nj. 50, Ld. 46; höggva á tvær hendr, to hew or strike right and left, Ísl. ii. 368, Fas. i. 384, Fms. viii. 363, x. 383.
    3. upp á, upon; hann tók augu Þjaza ok kastaði upp á himin, Edda 47: with verbs denoting to look, see, horfa, sjá, líta, etc.; hann rak skygnur á land, he cast glances towards the land, Ld. 154.
    II. denoting direction with or without the idea of arriving:
    1. with verbs denoting to aim at; of a blow or thrust, stefna á fótinn, Nj. 84; spjótið stefnir á hann miðjan, 205: of the wind, gékk veðrit á vestr, the wind veered to west, Fms. ix. 28; sigla á haf, to stand out to sea, Hkr. i. 146, Fms. i. 39: with ‘út’ added, Eg. 390, Fms. x. 349.
    2. conveying the notion of arriving, or the intervening space being traversed; spjótið kom á miðjan skjöldinn, Eg. 379, Nj. 96, 97; langt upp á land, far up inland, Hkr. i. 146: to reach, taka ofan á belti, of the long locks of a woman, to reach down to the belt, Nj. 2; ofan á bringu, 48; á þa ofan, 91.
    III. without reference to the space traversed, connected with verbs denoting to go, turn, come, ride, sail, throw, or the like, motion of every kind; hann kastar honum á völlinn, he flings him down, Nj. 91; hlaupa á skip sitt, to leap on board his ship, 43; á hest, to mount quickly, Edda 75; á lend hestinum, Nj. 91; hann gengr á sáðland sitt, he walks on to his fields, 82: on, upon, komast á fætr, to get upon one’s legs, 92; ganga á land, to go a-shore, Fms. i. 40; ganga á þing, vii. 242, Grág. (often); á skóg, á merkr ok skóga, into a wood, Fb. i. 134, 257, Fms. xi. 118, Eg. 577, Nj. 130; fara á Finnmörk, to go travelling in Finmark, Fms. i. 8; koma, fara á bæ, to arrive at the farm-house; koma á veginn, Eg. 578; stíga á bát, skip, to go on board, 158; hann gékk upp á borg, he went up to the burg (castle), 717; en er þeir komu á loptriðið, 236; hrinda skipum á vatn, to float the ships down into the water, Fms. i. 58; reka austr á haf, to drift eastwards on the sea, x. 145; ríða ofan á, to ride down or over, Nj. 82.
    IV. in some cases the acc. is used where the dat. would be used, esp. with verbs denoting to see or hear, in such phrases as, þeir sá boða mikinn inn á fjörðinn, they saw great breakers away up in the bight of the firth, the acc. being due perhaps to a motion or direction of the eye or ear towards the object, Nj. 124; sá þeir fólkit á land, they saw the people in the direction of land, Fas. ii. 517: in phrases denoting to be placed, to sit, to be seated, the seat or bench is freq. in the acc. where the dat. would now be used; konungr var þar á land upp, the king was then up the country, the spectator or narrator is conceived as looking from the shore or sea-side, Nj. 46; sitja á miðjan bekk, to be seated on the middle bench, 50; skyldi konungs sæti vera á þann bekk … annat öndvegi var á hinn úæðra pall; hann setti konungs hásæti á miðjan þverpall, Fms. vi. 439, 440, cp. Fagrsk. l. c., Sturl. iii. 182; eru víða fjallbygðir upp á mörkina, in the mark or forest, Eg. 58; var þar mörk mikil á land upp, 229; mannsafnaðr er á land upp (viewed from the sea), Ld. 76; stóll var settr á mótið, Fas. i. 58; beiða fars á skip, to beg a passage, Grág. i. 90.
    V. denoting parts of the body; bíta e-n á barka, to bite one in the throat, Ísl. ii. 447; skera á háls, to cut the throat of any one, Nj. 156; brjóta e-n á háls, to break any one’s neck; brjóta e-n á bak, to break any one’s back, Fms. vii. 119; kalinn á kné, frozen to the knees with cold, Hm. 3.
    VI. denoting round; láta reipi á háls hesti, round his horse’s neck, 623. 33; leggja söðul á hest, Nj. 83; and ellipt., leggja á, to saddle; breiða feld á hofuð sér, to wrap a cloak over his head, 164; reyta á sik mosa, to gather moss to cover oneself with, 267; spenna hring á hönd, á fingr, Eg. 300.
    VII. denoting a burden; stela mat á tvá hesta, hey á fimtán hesta, i. e. a two, a fifteen horse load, Nj. 74: metaph., kjósa feigð á menn, to choose death upon them, i. e. doom them to death, Edda 22.
    B. TEMP.
    I. of a period of time, at, to; á morgun, to-morrow (í morgun now means the past morning, the morning of to-day), Ísl. ii. 333.
    II. if connected with the word day, ‘á’ is now used before a fixed or marked day, a day of the week, a feast day, or the like; á Laugardag, á Sunnudag …, on Saturday, Sunday, the Old Engl. a-Sunday, a-Monday, etc.; á Jóladaginn, Páskadaginn, on Yule and Easter-day; but in old writers more often used ellipt. Sunnudaginn, Jóladaginn …, by dropping the prep. ‘á,’ Fms. viii. 397, Grág. i. 18.
    III. connected with ‘dagr’ with the definite article suffixed, ‘á’ denotes a fixed, recurring period or season, in; á daginn, during the day-time, every day in turn, Grett. 91 A.
    IV. connected with ‘evening, morning, the seasons,’ with the article; á kveldit, every evening, Ld. 14; á sumarit, every summer, Vd. 128, where the new Ed. Fs. 51 reads sumrum; á haust, every autumn, Eg. 741 (perh. a misprint instead of á haustin or á haustum); á vetrinn, in the winter time, 710; á várit, every spring, Gþl. 347; the sing., however, is very rare in such cases, the old as well as mod. usage prefers the plur.; á nætrnar, by night, Nj. 210; á várin, Eg. 710; á sumrin, haustin, á morgnana, in the morning (á morgin, sing., means to-morrow); á kveldin, in the evening, only ‘dagr’ is used in sing., v. above (á daginn, not á dagana); but elliptically and by dropping the article, Icelanders say, kveld og morgna, nótt og dag, vetr sumar vor og haust, in the same sense as those above mentioned.
    V. denoting duration, the article is dropped in the negative phrase, aldri á sinn dag, never during one’s life; aldri á mína daga, never in my life, Bjarn. 8, where a possess. pron. is put between noun and prep., but this phrase is very rare. Such phrases as, á þann dag, that day, and á þenna dag, Stj. 12, 655 xxx. 2. 20, are unclassical.
    VI. á dag without article can only be used in a distributive sense, e. g. tvisvar á dag, twice a-day; this use is at present freq. in Icel., yet instances from old writers are not on record.
    VII. denoting a movement onward in time, such as, liðið á nótt, dag, kveld, morgun, sumar, vetr, vár, haust (or nóttina, daginn …), jól, páska, föstu, or the like, far on in the night, day …, Edda 33; er á leið vetrinn, when the winter was well on, as the winter wore on, Nj. 126; cp. áliðinn: also in the phrase, hniginn á inn efra aldr, well stricken in years, Ld. 68.
    C. Metaph. and in various relations:
    I. somewhat metaphorically, denoting an act only (not the place); fara á fund, á vit e-s, to call for one, Eg. 140; koma á ræðu við e-n, to come to a parley with, to speak, 173; ganga á tal, Nj. 103; skora á hólm, to challenge to a duel on an island; koma á grið, to enter into a service, to be domiciled, Grág. i. 151; fara á veiðar, to go a-hunting, Fms. i. 8.
    β. generally denoting on, upon, in, to; bjóða vöxtu á féit, to offer interest on the money, Grág. i. 198; ganga á berhögg, to come to blows, v. berhögg; fá á e-n, to make an impression upon one, Nj. 79; ganga á vápn e-s, to throw oneself on an enemy’s weapon, meet him face to face, Rd. 310; ganga á lagið, to press on up the spear-shaft after it has passed through one so as to get near one’s foe, i. e. to avail oneself of the last chance; bera fé á e-n, to bribe, Nj. 62; bera öl á e-n, to make drunk, Fas. i. 13; snúinn á e-t, inclined to, Fms. x. 142; sammælast á e-t, to agree upon, Nj. 86; sættast, verða sáttr á e-t, in the same sense, to come to an agreement, settlement, or atonement, 78, Edda 15, Eb. 288, Ld. 50, Fms. i. 279; ganga á mála, to serve for pay as a soldier, Nj. 121; ganga á vald e-s, to put oneself in his power, 267; ganga á sætt, to break an agreement; vega á veittar trygðir, to break truce, Grág. ii. 169.
    II. denoting in regard to, in respect to:
    1. of colour, complexion, the hue of the hair, or the like; hvítr, jarpr, dökkr … á hár, having white, brown, or dark … hair, Ísl. ii. 190, Nj. 39; svartr á brún ok brá, dark of brow and eyebrow; dökkr á hörund, id., etc.
    2. denoting skill, dexterity; hagr á tré, a good carpenter; hagr á járn, málm, smíðar …, an expert worker in iron, metals …, Eg. 4; fimr á boga, good at the bow: also used of mastership in science or arts, meistari á hörpuslátt, a master in striking the harp, Fas. iii. 220; fræðimaðr á kvæði, knowing many poems by heart, Fms. vi. 391; fræðimaðr á landnámssögur ok forna fræði, a learned scholar in histories and antiquities (of Are Frode), Ísl. ii. 189; mikill á íþrótt, skilful in an art, Edda (pref.) 148; but dat. in the phrase, kunna (vel) á skíðum, to be a cunning skater, Fms. i. 9, vii. 120.
    3. denoting dimensions; á hæð, lengd, breidd, dýpt …, in the heighth, length, breadth, depth …, Eg. 277; á hvern veg, on each side, Edda 41 (square miles); á annan veg, on the one side, Grág. i. 89.
    β. the phrase, á sik, in regard to oneself, vel (illa) á sik kominn, of a fine ( ugly) appearance, Ld. 100, Fas. iii. 74.
    III. denoting instrumentality; bjargast á sínar hendr, to live on the work of one’s own hands, (á sínar spýtur is a mod. phrase in the same sense); (vega) á skálir, pundara, to weigh in scales, Grág. ii. 370; at hann hefði tvá pundara, ok hefði á hinn meira keypt en á hinn minna selt, of a man using two scales, a big one for buying and a little one for selling, Sturl. i. 91; á sinn kostnað, at one’s own expense; nefna e-n á nafn, by name, Grág. i. 17, etc. The Icel. also say, spinna á rokk, snældu, to spin on or with a rock or distaff; mala á kvern, to grind in a ‘querne,’ where Edda 73 uses dat.; esp. of musical instruments, syngja, leika á hljóðfæri, hörpu, gígju …; in the old usage, leika hörpu …, Stj. 458.
    IV. denoting the manner or way of doing:
    1. á þessa lund, in this wise, Grág. ii. 22; á marga vega, á alla, ymsa vega, in many, all, respects, Fms. i. 114; á sitt hóf, in its turn, respectively, Ld. 136, where the context shews that the expression answers to the Lat. mutatis mutandis; á Þýðersku, after German fashion, Sks. 288.
    2. esp. of language; mæla, rita á e-a tungu, to speak, write in a tongue; á Írsku, in Irish, Ld. 76; Norrænu, in Norse, Eb. 330, Vm. 35; a Danska tungu, in Danish, i. e. Scandinavian, Norse, or Icelandic, Grág. i. 18; á Vára tungu, i. e. in Icelandic, 181; rita á Norræna tungu, to write in Norse, Hkr. (pref.), Bs. i. 59:—at present, dat. is sometimes used.
    3. in some phrases the acc. is used instead of the dat.; hann sýndi á sik mikit gaman, Fms. x. 329; hann lét ekki á sik finna, he shewed no sign of motion, Nj. 111; skaltú önga fáleika á þik gera (Cod. Kalf.), 14.
    V. used in a distributive sense; skal mörk kaupa gæzlu á kú, eðr oxa fim vetra gamlan, a mark for every cow, Grág. i. 147; alin á hvert hross, 442; á mann, per man (now freq.): cp. also á dag above, lit. B.
    VI. connected with nouns,
    1. prepositional; á hendr (with dat.), against; á hæla, at heel, close behind; á bak, at back, i. e. past, after; á vit (with gen.), towards.
    2. adverbially; á braut, away, abroad; á víxl, in turns; á mis, amiss; á víð ok dreif, a-wide and a-drift, i. e. dispersedly.
    3. used almost redundantly before the following prep.; á eptir, after, behind; á undan, in front of; á meðal, á milli, among; á mót, against; á við, about, alike; á frá (cp. Swed. ifrån), from (rare); á fyrir = fyrir, Haustl. 1; á hjá, beside (rare); á fram, a-head, forwards; á samt, together; ávalt = of allt, always: following a prep., upp á, upon; niðr á, down upon; ofan á, eptir á, post eventum, (temp.) á eptir is loc., id., etc.
    VII. connected with many transitive verbs, answering to the Lat. ad- or in-, in composition, in many cases periphrastically for an objective case. The prep. generally follows after the verb, instead of being prefixed to it as in Lat., and answers to the Engl. on, to; heita kalla, hrópa á, to call on; heyra, hlusta, hlyða á, to hearken to, listen to; hyggja, hugsa á, to think on; minna á, to remind; sjá, líta, horfa, stara, mæna, glápa, koma auga … á, to look on; girnast á, to wish for; trúa á, to believe on; skora á, to call on any one to come out, challenge; kæra á, to accuse; heilsa á, to greet; herja, ganga, ríða, hlaupa, ráða … á, to fall on, attack, cp. ágangr, áreið, áhlaup; ljúga á, to tell lies of, to slander; telja á, to carp at; ausa, tala, hella, kasta, verpa … á, to pour, throw on; ríða, bera, dreifa á, to sprinkle on; vanta, skorta á, to fall short of; ala á, to plead, beg; leggja á, to throw a spell on, lay a saddle on; hætta á, to venture on; gizka á, to guess at; kveða á, to fix on, etc.: in a reciprocal sense, haldast á, of mutual strife; sendast á, to exchange presents; skrifast á, to correspond (mod.); kallast á, to shout mutually; standast á, to coincide, so as to be just opposite one another, etc.
    2.
    f. [Lat. aqua; Goth. ahva; Hel. aha; A. S. eâ; O. H. G. aha, owa; cp. Germ. ach and aue; Fr. eau, eaux; Engl. Ax-, Ex-, etc., in names of places; Swed.-Dan. å; the Scandinavians absorb the hu, so that only a single vowel or diphthong remains of the whole word]:—a river. The old form in nom. dat. acc. sing. is , v. the introduction to A, page 1, Bs. i. 333 sq., where ́n, ́ (acc.), and ́na; so also Greg. 677; the old fragm. of Grág. ii. 222, 223, new Ed. In the Kb. of the Edda the old form occurs twice, viz. page 75, ́na (acc.), (but two lines below, ána), í ́nni (dat.) The old form also repeatedly occurs in the Kb. and Sb. of the Grág., e. g. ii. 266, 267: gen. sing. ár; nom. pl. ár, gen. á contracted, dat. ám, obsolete form ́m; Edda 43, Eg. 80, 99, 133, 185: proverbs, at ósi skal á stemma, answering to the Lat. principiis obsta, Edda 60; hér kemr á til sæfar, here the river runs into the sea, metaph. = this is the very end, seems to have been a favourite ending of old poems; it is recorded in the Húsdrápa and the Norðsetadrápa, v. Edda 96, Skálda 198; cp. the common saying, oil vötn renna til sævar, ‘all waters run into the sea.’ Rivers with glacier water are in Icel. called Hvítá, White river, or Jökulsá: Hitá, Hot river, from a hot spring, opp. to Kaldá, v. Landn.: others take a name from the fish in them, as Laxá, Lax or Salmon river (freq.); Örriða á, etc.: a tributary river is þverá, etc.: ár in the Njála often means the great rivers Ölfusá and Þjórsá in the south of Iceland. Áin helga, a river in Sweden, Hkr. ii: á is also suffixed to the names of foreign rivers, Tempsá = Thames; Dóná, Danube (Germ. Don-au), (mod.), etc. Vide Edda (Gl.) 116, 117, containing the names of over a hundred North-English and Scottish rivers.
    COMPDS: áráll, árbakki, árbrot, ardjúp, árfarvegr, árfors, árgljúfr, árhlutr, ármegin, árminni, ármót, áróss, árreki, árstraumr, árströnd, árvað, árvegr, árvöxtr.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > Á

  • 5 ходить

    гл.
    1. to go; 2. to walk; 3. to go/to travel on foot; 4. to stride; 5. to march; 6. to pace; 7. to stroll; 8. to amble; 9. to saunter; 10. to trudge; 11. to plod; 12. to hobble; 13. to shuffle; 14. to shamble; 15. to tiptoe; 16. to sneak; 17. to stagger; 18. to stumble; 19. to lurch; 20. to swagger; 21. to strut; 22. to wander; 23. to prowl; 24. to wade; 25. to pick one's way; 26. to edge
    Русский глагол ходить используется в разных ситуациях; относится к движению людей, работе механизмов, внешнему виду человека. Русский глагол ходить не уточняет, как осуществляется движение и при каких сопутствующих обстоятельствах. В английском языке эти аспекты уточняются значениями отдельных слов. В русском языке любые уточнения способов движения передаются, как правило, словосочетаниями с глаголом ходить.
    1. to go — (как и русский глагол ходить, английский глагол to go многозначен и относится как к живым существам, так и к неодушевленным предметам, машинам и механизмам): a) ходить, ездить, передвигаться (предполагает передвижение живых существ любыми способами — ногами, транспортными средствами и т. п.; обычно сопровождается определениями: как, когда, куда, каким образом): to go in pairs (arm-in-arm) — ходить парами (под руку); to go shopping — ходить за покупками; to go to the theatre (to the cinema, to concerts) — ходить в театр (в кино, на концерты); to go there right now — пойти туда сейчас же; to go by train — ездить поездом; to go by boat — плыть пароходом; to go by air — лететь самолетом; to go out to work — ходить на работу/ ходить на службу; to go swimming (skiing) — ходить плавать/купаться (ходить на лыжах) In summer he goes for a swim in all sorts of weather. — Летом он ходит купаться в любую погоду. On Saturday we usually go shopping. — По субботам мы обычно ходим за покупками. We don't often go to museums. — Мы редко ходим в музеи. My father liked to go into the mountains and he often took us kids with him. — Отец любил ходить в горы и часто брал нас, детей, с собой. b) ходить, функционировать, работать (описывает функционирование неодушевленных предметов, главным образом машин и механизмов): This watch doesn't go. — Эти часы не ходят. The bus goes there twice a day. — Автобус ходит туда два раза в день. Cars can't go along such roads. — Машины по таким дорогам не ездят./ Машины по таким дорогам ездить не могут. The train went at full speed. — Поезд шел полным ходом. Buses don't go along these streets. — По этим улицам автобусы не ходят/не ездят.
    2. to walk — ходить, гулять, прогуливаться, ходить пешком, прохаживаться, переступать ногами ( двигаться вперед с обычной скоростью): Lena and Ann always walk to school together. — Лена и Аня всегда идут в школу вместе. Shall we walk or take a taxi? — Пойдем пешком или возьмем такси? Ben learned to walk at ten months. — Бен научился ходить, когда ему было десять месяцев./Бен пошел, когда ему было десять месяцев. On the final day we walked over twenty miles. — В последний день мы прошли более двадцати миль. We walked around the market for a while, before going to the beach. — Мы немного походили по рынку прежде чем пойти на пляж. I keep seeing these two strange men walking around, I'm sure they are up to something. — Я все время вижу этих двух незнакомцев, которые ходят вокруг, я уверен, они что-то замышляют. The doctor told Sam to walk as much as possible — it was good for his heart. — Доктор посоветовал Сэму побольше ходить — это полезно для его сердца./Доктор посоветовал Сэму побольше двигаться — ему это полезно для сердца. Ellyn is up at six every morning to walk along the beach. — Эллин встает в шесть часов каждое утро, чтобы походить/погулять по пляжу. I like to go walking in the woods, just to breathe the air. — Я люблю ходить по лесу, просто чтобы подышать свежим воздухом. We are going to walk for a while before dinner. — Мы пошли до обеда немного погулять.
    3. to go/to travel on foot — ходить пешком: It is not far, it will take you about ten minutes on foot. — Это недалеко, всего минут десять пешком. They planned to travel partly by boat and the rest of the way on foot. — Они планировали проплыть на лодке часть пути, а остальной путь проделать пешком.
    4. to stride — шагать, ходить большими шагами (двигаться быстро, особенно если вы чувствуете неуверенность, сердитесь или торопитесь): Не strode along the beach. — Он шагал по пляжу./Он вышагивал по пляжу. Не strode on/off. — Он зашагал дальше. The interviewer strode confidently towards me and shook my hand. — Журналист уверенно шагнул ко мне и протянул руку, здороваясь со мной. I saw Max striding angrily away. — Я видел, как Макс в гневе зашагал прочь. She strode quickly and purposefully into the room, with her head upright. — С высоко поднятой головой и явным намерением что-то сделать она быстро шагнула/вошла в комнату.
    5. to march — маршировать, ходить строевым шагом, двигаться решительно, двигаться твердым шагом (двигаться быстро, уверенными шагами, особенно под влиянием гнева или решимости что-либо сделать): Sheila marched into the office to demand an apology. — Шейла уверенно вошла в контору потребовать, чтобы перед ней извинились. «I'll never forgive you for this», Margosaid marching off. — «Я тебе этого никогда не прощу», — сказала Марго и вышла. The soldiers marched through the town in two straight columns. — Солдаты прошли строем через город двумя стройными колоннами./Соддаты промаршировали через городдвумя стройными колоннами. At the army training camp the new recruits will learn how to march and shoot. — В военно-учебных лагерях новобранцы научатся ходить строем и стрелять. The prisoners were made to march around the court yard. — Узников заставляли маршировать по тюремному двору.
    6. to pace — ходить взад и вперед (обычно в небольшом пространстве, особенно если вы нервничаете, раздражены или рассержены): Sheila paced back and forth along the corridor, waiting for the doctor to come back. — В ожидании возвращения врача Шейла нервно ходила взад и вперед по коридору. «We are going to be late», Jordan said irritably pacing up and down the room. — «Мы опаздываем», — раздраженно сказал Джордан, меряя шагами комнату./«Мы опаздываем», — сказал Джордан, шагая взад и вперед по комнате. A lion paced up and down the cage. — Лев ходил по клетке взад и вперед.
    7. to stroll — прогуливаться ( ходить ради удовольствия): 1 strolled along the beach with the warm sun on my face. — Я медленно прогуливался по пляжу, теплое солнце светило мне в лицо. The young couple strolled through the park, arm-in-arm. — Молодая пара под руку прогуливалась по парку. In the evening Madrid fills with people strolling unhurridly from bar to bar. — По вечерам Мадрид наполняют гуляющие пары, которые не спеша переходят от бара к бару.
    8. to amble — двигаться мелкими шагами, семенить; идти неторопливым шагом, брести, бесцельно бродить; идти иноходью ( о лошади): An old man appeared from behind the house and ambled across the yard. — Из-за дома показался старик, который бесцельно бродил по двору. We ambled around the town. — Мы бродили по городу. One of the horses, the white one, slowly ambled toward me. — Одна из лошадей — белая — иноходью приблизилась ко мне.
    9. to saunter — прогуливаться, прохаживаться, фланировать (ходить с гордым видом, что нередко у других вызывает раздражение): We sauntered up and down the street. — Мы прогуливались/прохаживались вверх и вниз по улице. «Shouldn't you be in class?» — the teacher asked the girls who were sauntering down the corridor. — «Вы разве не должны быть в классе?» — спросил преподаватель девочек, спокойно прогуливающихся по коридору. I sauntered into the garden, where some friends were chatting near the fire. — Я медленно прошел в сад, где у костра болтали несколько моих друзей. As usual, he sauntered into the class twenty minutes late. — Он с независимым видом вошел в класс как обычно с двадцатиминутным опозданием.
    10. to trudge — устало ходить, тяжело ступать, тащиться (тяжело двигаться медленными шагами, потому что вы устали): Mother walked for four miles to the nearest store trudging back home with her bag of groceries. — Мать ходила в магазин в четырех милях от дома, а потом устало тащилась домой с тяжелой сумкой продуктов. Trudging through the sand was exhausting. — Тащиться по песку было тяжело. He trudged the streets all day. — Он таскался по улицам целый день. Не trudged wearily up the hill. — Он устало тащился в гору.
    11. to plod — брести ( с трудом), тащиться, медленно плестись, устало плестись (еле-еле передвигая ноги из-за усталости или потому что вы несете что-либо тяжелое): Не plodded wearily home. — Он устало плелся домой. The travelers plodded through deep snow at the side of the railroad. — Путешественники устало плелись по глубокому снегу вдоль железнодорожного полотна./Путешественники медленно брели по глубокому снегу вдоль железнодорожного полотна. The donkey was plodding slowly along underthc heavy load. — Ослик еле плелся под тяжестью поклажи.
    12. to hobble — ковылять, прихрамывать: Не hobbled along. — Он шел прихрамывая. The man hobbled along on his crutches. — Мужчина ковылял на костылях.
    13. to shuffle — ходить шаркая ногами (двигаться медленно и с шумом, не поднимая ног от пола на должную высоту): Не shuffled to the bar across the room. — Он пошел шаркающей походкой к бару. Supporting herself on Ann's arm the old woman shuffled towards the door. — Опираясь на руку Анны, старушка шаркая шла к двери. I heard Bob shuffling around the kitchen. — Я слышала, как Боб шаркая ногами тяжело двигался по кухне.
    14. to shamble — ходить вразвалку; ходить волоча ноги (медленно и неуклюже, ленивой походкой двигаться, наклоняясь вперед): The old man shambled off. — Старик, волоча ноги, пошел прочь. Не shambled into the room and up lo the window. — Он ввалился в комнату и вразвалку подошел к окну. Looking tired, Parker shambled to the stage and started playing. — С усталым видом Паркер медленно прошел на сиену и начал играть.
    15. to tiptoe — ходить на цыпочках ( стараться быть незамеченным или не производить шума): Bobby tiptoed past his daughter's bedroom so as not to wake her. — Бобби на цыпочках прошел мимо спальни дочери, чтобы не разбудить ее. They tiptoed from room to room, afraid to speak above a whisper. — Они ходили на цыпочках из комнаты в комнату и говорили только шепотом.
    16. to sneak — ходить крадучись, красться (тихо двигаться прячась от кого-либо, особенно если вы делаете что-либо плохое и не хотите быть пойманным): The thieves sneaked in when the guard had his back turned. — Воры крадучись пробрались внутрь, когда охранник стоял к ним спиной. Polly sneaked in through back yard so that her parents wouldn't wake up and see how late it was. — Полли крадучись вошла со двора так, чтобы не разбудить родителей и не дать им понять, как поздно она пришла.
    17. to stagger — ходить хромая, ходить шатаясь, шататься (двигаться неуверенной походкой, шатаясь из стороны в сторону, почти падая, особенно из-за того, что вы устали, пьяны или ранены): I was hit on the head and just managed to stagger out of the room. — Меня ударили по голове, и я с трудом, шатаясь выбрался из комнаты. My father was staggering under weight of a huge parcel. — Мой отец шел пошатываясь под тяжестью огромного пакета.
    18. to stumble — спотыкаться, ходить спотыкаясь (неуверенно двигаться, натыкаясь на то, что под ногами, или потому, что вы устали или пьяны): The room was dark and Sten nearly fell over a chair as he stumbled to the corner. — В комнате было темно, и Стэн споткнулся о стул и чуть не упал, идя в угол комнаты. Having drunk half a bottle of whisky I stumbled upstairs and to bed. — Выпив с полбутылки виски, я спотыкаясь поднялся наверх и лег в кровать.
    19. to lurch — идти нетвердой походкой, пошатываться, неуверенно двигаться: Не lurched sideways two steps as the stone rolled by. — Он уклонился на два шага в сторону, когда камень прокатился мимо. Harry lurched to the bathroom clutching his stomach in pain. — Гарри шатаясь побрел в ванную комнату, хватаясь от боли за живот.
    20. to swagger — расхаживать, ходить с гордым/важным видом, самоуверенно ( идти двигая всем корпусом): Paul swaggered arrogantly into (he boxing ring, as if he had already won the fight. — Павел с гордым видом вышел на ринг так, как будто он уже одержал победу. Sally's boyfriend came swaggering down the steps with his hands in his jackets. — Дружок Салли, засунув руки в карманы, с гордым видом спускался по ступенькам лестницы. Ben left the room swaggering clearly pleased with himself. — Бен гордо вышел из комнаты, весьма довольный собой.
    21. to strut — ходить с важным видом, выхаживать, вышагивать (ходить с гордо поднятой головой, грудью вперед, всем видом показывая свою важность): Look at him strutting across the office, he thinks he is so important. — Посмотри, как он вышагивает по офису, он думает, что он очень важная птица. During the mating season the male bird will strut in front of the female. — Во время сезона спаривания самец гордо вышагивает перед самкой.
    22. to wander — бродить, бесцельно ходить (часто по местам, которые вы не знаете): Tom spent most of his free time wandering about in the woods. — Большую часть своего свободного времени Том бродил по лесам. For an hour and a half we were wandering around the old city, completely lost. — Совершенно заблудившись, часа полтора мы бродили по старому городу.
    23. to prowl — рыскать, идти крадучись (тихо передвигаться, оставаясь незамеченным, особенно при попытке что-либо украсть или напасть на кого-либо): The nurse said that she could hear someone prowling in the garden. — Няня сказала, что она слышала, как кто-то крадучись ходил по саду. Several wolves prowled around the camp, but they were kept at bay by the fire. — Несколько волков рыскали у лагеря, но их остановил огонь костра. The police have warned the public the killer may be prowling the streets. — Полиция предупредила население, что убийца еще может бродить по улицам.
    24. to wade — ходить по воде, шлепать: Ellen waded into the water then started swimming across the river. — Эллен вошла в воду и поплыла на тот берег реки. The rescuers worked wading waist deep in the muddy water. — Спасатели работали по грудь в грязной воде. The fisherman got out of the boat and waded ashore. — Рыбак вышел из лодки и вброд пошел к берегу.
    25. to pick one's way — осторожно ходить (идти, выбирая дорогу, обходя опасные места): The boys began to pick their way over the rocks towards the ocean. — Мальчики начали осторожно двигаться по камням в сторону океана. Gathering her skirt she began to pick her way through the puddles. — Подобрав юбку, она начала пробираться, обходя дождевые лужи.
    26. to edge — ходить пробираясь боком; ходить по краю (медленно и осторожно, двигаясь боком через небольшое, узкое пространство, которое не позволяет идти нормальным шагом): Ben edged sideways through the front door, which seemed to be stuck. — Бэн протиснулся через парадную дверь, которую по-видимому заело. Edging my way through the crowd I eventually managed to get to the bar. — Пробравшись боком через толпу, я наконец смог добраться до бара.

    Русско-английский объяснительный словарь > ходить

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